This a complete list of Presidents of the Philippines that consists of the 14 heads of state in the history of the Philippines. The list includes Presidents who were inaugurated as President of the Philippines following the ratification of a constitution that explicitly declares the existence of the Paradise Philippines.

Fifth Philippine Republic

GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
http://www.op.gov.ph
(Born- April 5, 1947)
Fourth President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines
(Term- 2001 - Present)

The daughter of the late President Diosdado Macapagal. The second woman to be swept into the Presidency by a peaceful People Power revolution (EDSA II).

JOSEPH ESTRADA
(Born- April 19,1937)
Third President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines
(Term- 1998 - 2001)

Filipino film actor and director, later politician. He resigned after the impeachment trial against him collapsed.

FIDEL RAMOS
(Born- March 18, 1928)
Second President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines
(Term- June 30, 1992 - June 30, 1998)

As head of the State, his administration centerpiece program is the Philippines 2000, which aimed to uplift the Philippines as a newly industrialized country by the year 2000.

CORAZON AQUINO
(Born- January 25, 1933)
First President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines
(Term: February 25, 1986- June 30, 1992)

Political leader and the First Woman President of the Philippines. She succeeded her murdered husband, Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.(a popular critic of the Marcos administration), as leader of the opposition to President Ferdinand Marcos.

Fourth Philippine Republic

FERDINAND MARCOS
(Born- September 11, 1917, Died- September 28, 1989)
Sixth and last President of the Third Republic of the Philippines
(Term: December 30, 1965- December 30, 1973)
President of the Fourth Republic of the Philippines
(Term: June 30, 1981 - February 25,1986)

Philippine lawyer and politician who ruled by martial law and was ousted by a peaceful People Power Revolution in 1986.

Third Philippine Republic

DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
http://www.macapagal.com/dm/
Fifth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines
(Term: December 30, 1961 - December 30, 1965)

Poet, politician, lawyer, diplomat, statesman, economist, and intellectual. Diosdado Macapagal was born to poverty but rose due to diligence and brilliance.

CARLOS GARCIA
(Born- November 4, 1896, died- June 14, 1971)
Fourth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines
(Term: March 18, 1957- December 30, 1961)

Famous for his austerity program and policy. He maintained the strong tradition ties with the United States and sought closer relation with non-communist Asian countries.

RAMON MAGSAYSAY
(Born- August 31, 1907, died- March 17, 1957)
Third President of the Third Republic of the Philippines
(Term: December 30, 1953- March 17, 1957)

Best known for successfully defeating the communist led Hukbalahap (Huk) Movement. Idol of the masses, champion of democracy, and freedom fighter.

ELPIDIO QUIRINO
(Born- November 16, 1890, died- February 28, 1956)
Second President, Third Republic of the Philippines
(Term: April 17, 1948- November 10, 1953)

Political leader and second president of the Independence Republic of the Philippines.

MANUEL ROXAS
(Born- January 1, 1892, died- April 15, 1948)
Last President of the Commonwealth
(Term: May 28, 1946- July 4, 1946)
First President of the Third Republic of the Philippines
(Term: July 4, 1946- April 15, 1948)

Political leader and first president of the Independence Republic of the Philippines.

Second Philippine Republic

JOSE LAUREL
(Born- March 9, 1891, died- November 6, 1959)
President of the Japanese Sponsored Republic
(Term: October 14, 1943- August 15, 1945)

Became the President of the Philippines during the Japanese occupation of World War II.



Commonwealth of the Philippines

SERGIO OSMEÑA
(Born- September 9, 1878, died- October 19, 1961)
Second President of the Commonwealth
(Term: August 1, 1944- May 27, 1946)

Filipino statesman, founder of the Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista) and President of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946.

MANUEL QUEZON
(Born- August 19, 1878, died- August 1, 1944)
First President of the Commonwealth
(Term: November 15, 1935- August 1, 1944)

Filipino statesman, leader of the independence movement, and first president of the Philippine Commonwealth established under United States tutelage in 1935.


First Philippine Republic

EMILIO AGUINALDO
(Born- March 22, 1869, died- February 6, 1964)
President of the First Philippine Republic
(Term: 1898- 1901)

Filipino leader who fought first against Spain and later against the United States for the Independence of the Philippines.

Paradise Philippines' Reference:
http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/presidents.asp

For interested tourists, here are some important travel tips if you're planning to visit the island paradise Philippines.

• Dress for the weather – hot! Light clothing is ideal year-round, and absolutely during the hot and dry months from March to May. Temperatures average from 78°F/25°C to 90°F/32°C. Mean humidity is at 77%.

• Never leave home without your rain gear, umbrella, and heavy clothing during the rainy months from June to October as well as when setting out to the mountainous areas.

• When shopping in a public market, it is perfectly acceptable to haggle for the cheapest price.

• English is the most widely spoken next to Filipino/Tagalog, the national language. Learning the basic local phrases may come in handy. Over 111 local dialects are spoken in the country.

• Comfortable yet sturdy footwear are best, as traveling the islands will often involve some walking.

• When headed to the remote areas, come prepared with an insect repellant and even your own water in handy containers. Always have the island map with you.

• Prepare to hop in a jeepney, tricycle, or pedicab – exotic modes of land transport that are the most commonly available for going around. Always bring loose change when taking public transport.

• Know the transport schedules. Some destinations are only being serviced intermittently, not to mention extreme weather conditions that will affect these schedules.

• Air-conditioned taxis should cost PhP25 on the meter. An extra PhP2 will be added for every 500 meters.

• Casual clothing is acceptable inside churches and business offices. Dining establishments and hotels impose no dress code but shorts and slippers are deemed improper.

• For formal occasions, the traditional Barong Tagalog, the Philippine national costume for men, is just as suitable as the suit-and-tie.

• When traveling by car, be mindful of the number coding ordinance for vehicles that is being implemented strictly in selected cities.

• Do not miss visiting during the summer, when there is a concentration of major festivals, celebrations, and events.

• Adopt to local customs; accept local differences. The Filipinos are divided culturally into regions a total of 16, at present, each with its own distinct traits and traditions.

• The Philippine monetary unit, the peso, is generally preferred for financial transactions. Money-changing shops are available in key cities and towns.

• Tipping is expected for many services. The standard amount is 10% of the total bill. Tipping is optional on bills that include a service charge, which is often 10% as well of the total bill.

• Be sure to sample the endless variety of native delicacies and local cuisine, which differ in every region. The Philippines is made up of 7,107 different flavors that you will want to take home with you.

• For tourist information and assistance, get in touch with the Department of Tourism and any of its accredited offices nationwide.

Paradise Philippines' Reference:
http://www.tourism.gov.ph/trip_planner/travel_tips.asp

Boracay Island, with its sugary white sand beaches and azure blue waters, is located on the northwestern tip of Panay, Western Visayas in Paradise Philippines. The best of the island is the 4 km. White Beach, touted as the “finest beach in the world.”

The water surrounding the island is shallow and the sand is finer and brighter than most beaches in the archipelago.

Boracay is a tropical island located approximately 315km (200 miles) south of Manila and 2km off the northwest tip of the island of Panay in the Western Visayas region of the Paradise Philippines. It is one of the country's most popular tourist destinations. The island comprises the barangays of Manoc-Manoc, Balabag, and Yapak (3 of the 17 barangays which make up the municipality of Malay), and is under the administrative control of the Philippine Tourism Authority in coordination with the Provincial Government of Aklan.

Paradise Philippines' References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boracay
http://www.tourism.gov.ph/

Bolinao is located on a cape of the western tip of Pangasinan in the island paradise Philippines. It is situated in western part of Lingayen Gulf. It is bounded by the China Sea on the north and west. On the east by the Kakiputan Channel, this channel separates Bolinao from the only island town of Pangasinan, Anda, on the south by the rolling hills of Bani. It is approximately 40 kilometers away from Alaminos, the center of commerce and trade of the First District of Pangasinan. It is 79 kilometers from Lingayen, the capital town of Pangasinan and 274 kilometers from Manila via Camiling, Tarlac.

Topography is generally flat to rolling with some steep areas specially near the seashores in the western part near Kakiputan channel and some portions of Santiago Island.

Historians have no exact record on the date Bolinao was created. It was presumed that the town was created by virtue of Royal Decree of Spain. Available record showed that it was the year 1575 when Spanish Captain Pedro Lombi founded the first settlement with more or less 100 settlers. The Municipal Council by virtue of its Resolution No. 104 dated September 19, 1988 adopted July 25, 1575 as the Foundation Day of Bolinao in honor of the Patron Saint of the town, St. James the Great.

The word "Bolinao" may be derived from three (3) sources. Legendarily speaking, the name of the town could have been derived from the "Pamulinawen" tree which grew in abundance along the beaches during the exodus of Ilocanos to te place. The second legend can be attributed to the specie of fish which the Tagalog called "Bolinao" which were in abundance in the past. The third one is associated by the famous couple named Bolido and Anao.

Other Historical Dates:
1585 - The year evangelization started in Bolinao by Fr. Esteban Marin.
1607 - The the year catholic church was constructed and still existing as one of the historical landmarks of Bolinao
1609 - The year the old site of Bolinao was transferred from Binabalian (located at Santiago Island) to its present location located at the mainland of the town.
1788 - The year the Catholic Church tower was destroyed by strong earthquake
May 2, 1880 - the first cable was established in Bolinao linking Hongkong and Spain
November 3, 1903 - Bolinao and the rest of the western towns of Pangasinan was transferred from Zambales to Pangasinan by virtue of Philippines Commission Public Act No. 10004
1925 The Municipal Hall was started and completed in 1925 under the administration of Mayor Agustin Cacho
1935 - Construction of the roadline connecting Bolinao to the other towns of Pangasinan and Manila.
June 11, 1973 - The Bolinao School of Fisheries was established
May 11, 1980 - NEA and Panelco I with 100 farmers started planting ipil-ipil trees covering about 1,000 hectares for the Dendro Thermal Project inaugaurated on February 14, 1985 but stopped its operation during the Aquino administration.
July 20, 1982 - Completion of the First Socio-Economic Profile of Bolinao with DILG trainees supervised by the MLGOO
August 7, 1996 - The ECC of the proposed multi-billion Cement Plant Complex Project was denied by Secretary Victor Ramos
March 21, 1997 - Inauguration of the 2 storey Public Market dubbed as the "People's Market" under the administration of Mayor JESUS F. CELESTE
January 30, 1998 - The first fire truck arrived in Bolinao givern by the Bureau of Fire Protection, DILG as requested by Mayor JESUS F. CELESTE
November 22, 1998 - Christ the King Celebration in Bolinao under the Alaminos Diocese
March 26, 1999 - The energization of Barangay San Roque bringing 100% total electrification of the 30 Barangays of Bolinao by PANELCO I and the National Electrification of Mayor JESUS F. CELESTE
January 24, 2000 - An oil tanker and Singaporean Vessel MV NOZ SHEDAR agrounded to a shoal off Santiago Island causing oil spill around Santiago Island. Bolinao filed 200 M damage suit against the vessel owners.
May 14, 2001 - The National/Local Election Day eleceted the first Congressman from Bolinao, Congressman Arthur Celeste who assumed office June 30, 2001 as Congressman of the first District of Pangasinan.
February 1-2, 2002 - Massive fish kill hit Bolinao, about 600 million damaged to agriculture industry and coastal environment
February 8, 2002 -Awarding of Gawad Pangulo sa Kapaligiran, Balingasay River as one of National Finalists under River Category at Heroe's Hall, Malacanang Palace, Manila

Paradise Philippines' Reference:
http://elgu2.ncc.gov.ph

Like the other towns in Cavite, the municipality of Dasmariñas has an ambivalent history. Originally it was part of Imus until the year 1868, when it was converted into an independent municipality and named Perez-Dasmariñas. Then after nearly 37 years of independent existence Dasmariñas was reverted of Imus, remaining a barrio of the latter until it regained its independence after 12 years in 1917.

Historically, Dasmariñas had played an important role as gateway to the Magdalo revolutionary capital of Imus. It was in the strategic Pasong Santol, in barrio Salitran Dasmariñas, where General Emilio Aguinaldo and later his elder brother General Crispulo Agunaldo fought off Spanish General Jose Lachamber’s troops in seesaw battle, until the elder Aguinaldo was captured.

The origin of the name “Dasmariñas” comes from “Perez Das Mariñas,” a Spanish Governor of the Philippines from 1590 to 1593. After his death, his son Luis Pérez das Mariñas was the governor from 1593 to 1596. Perez das Mariñas came from “San Miguel das Negradas,” Galiza, Spain. Dasmariñas literally means “from the marines” in the Galician language.

One notable place to visit in the town is Museo De La Salle. This museum is a lifestyle museum dedicated to the preservation of certain aspects and material culture of the 19th century Philippine ilustrado lifestyle. The Museo has been realized “to encourage its own use in cross-disciplinary learning and growth in an academic environment, and to provide a living space illustrating Philippine culture that is linked to its immediate community, and that reaches out to those outside.”

The museum building draws inspiration from the 19th century bahay na bato (house of stone), a two-storey building with stone, brick and mortar structure at the ground level, and usually a wood one at the second level. The emergence of the bahay na bato marked the remarkable lifestyle of the 19th century Christian Philippines. A bahay na bato was filled with fine furniture and objects to showcase the owner's wealth, personal style, and status in society. These examples of material culture now serve to document a range of natural and socio-historical notions.Most of the collections consist of antique family heirlooms, furniture, decorative objects, fine and applied arts, donated by the “Joven-Panlilio family of Bacolor, Pampanga, Arnedo-Gonzalez family of Sulipan, Apalit, Pampanga, antique collectors Ms. Marie Theresa Lammoglia-Virata and Jaime C. Laya, and the D. M. Guevarra collection.”

Trivia About The Paradise Philippines. This page provides an extensive collection of Philippine trivia, especially on all the places to visit in the island paradise Philippines.

Original Source: WOW Philippines: Discover Philippines: About the Philippines

# The exotic jeepney is a post-war creation inspired by the GI jeeps that the American soldiers brought to the country in the 1940s. Enterprising Filipinos salvaged the surplus engines and came out unique vehicles of art.

# Short distance and feeder trips could not be more exciting than via Philippine quick transports – the tricycle, a motorcycle with a sidecar, and the pedicab, a bicycle with a sidecar.

# The world’s longest underground river system accessible to man can be found at the St. Paul National Park in the province of Palawan.

# The largest Philippine wild animal, the tamaraw, is a species of the buffalo that is similar to the carabao. It is found only in the island of Mindoro.

# The highest mountain in the Philippines is Mt. Apo, a dormant volcano found in Mindanao, at 2,954 meters (9,689 feet). Mt. Pulog in Luzon is the second highest at 2,928 meters (9604 feet).

# Filipino bowler Rafael "Paeng" Nepomuceno was the first bowler to be elevated to the International Bowling Hall of Fame based in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. The Philippine Congress has named him “Greatest Filipino Athlete of All Time.”

# Philippine National Hero and writer Jose Rizal could read and write at age 2. He grew up to speak more than 20 languages, including Latin, Greek, German, French, and Chinese. What were his last words? "Consummatum est!" ("It is done!")

# The largest city in the Philippines is Davao City. With an area of 2,211 sq. km., it is about three times the size of the national capital, Metro Manila.

# Cebu is the oldest Philippine city.

# Negros Occidental has the most cities among Philippine provinces.

# Filipinos celebrate the world’s longest religious holiday. The Christmas season begins on September 1st, as chillier winds and Christmas carols start filling the air, and ends on the first week of January, during the Feast of the Three Kings.

# Paskuhan Village in the province of Pampanga is Asia’s only Christmas theme park and the third of its kind in the world.

# The great Christmans lanterns of San Fernando, Pampanga can reach as big as 40 feet in diameter, using as many as 16,000 glowing bulbs.

# The exotic jeepney is the Filipino version of the jitney, the taxi/minibus that travels along a fixed route, found in many countries.

# The popular toy, the yoyo, was invented by 16th century hunters in the Philippines.

# The word "boondocks," which is now a part of the English language, dictionary, and vocabulary, comes from the Tagalog word "bundok," meaning "mountain."

# The Philippines became the first Asian country to win FIVE major international beauty pageant crowns — two for Miss Universe, in 1969 and 1973, and three for Miss International, in 1965, 1970, and 1979.

# Diving paradise Anilao, in the province of Batangas, is the theme of a picture book that bagged the International Prize for Underwater Images at the 27th World Festival of Underwater Images in France in November 2000. “Anilao" book creators and Filipino scuba divers Scott Tuason and Eduardo Cu Unjieng defeated big names in underwater photography such as Jacques Mayol, Pascal Kobeh, Monique Walker, and Alessandro Tommasi.

# The biggest game preserve and wildlife sanctuary in the Philippines is located on Calauit Island in Palawan, which has the largest land area among the Philippine provinces.

# The antibiotic erythromycin — used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, middle ear infections, and skin infections — was created by Filipino scientist Abelardo Aguilar, and has earned American drug giant Eli Lilly billions of dollars. Neither Aguilar nor the Philippine government received royalties.

# Fernando Amorsolo was officially the first National Artist of the Philippines. He was given the distinction of National Artist for Painting in 1972.

# Philippines Herald war journalist Carlos P. Romulo was the first Asian to win a Pulitzer Prize in Journalism in 1942. He was also aide-de-camp to General Douglas MacArthur in World War II; Philippine resident commissioner in the U.S. Congress from 1944-46; and the first Asian to become UN President in 1949.

# The largest fish in the world, the Whale Shark, locally known as Butanding, regularly swims to the Philippine waters.

# The world’s shortest and lightest freshwater fish is the dwarf pygmy goby (Pandaka Pygmaea), a colorless and nearly transparent species found in the streams and lakes of Luzon. Males have an average length of 8.7 mm. and weigh 4-5 mg.

# On January 18, 1995, Pope John Paul II offered mass to an estimated 4 to 5 million people at Luneta Park, Manila, Philippines, making it to the Guiness Book of World Records for the Biggest Papal Crowd.

# The Philippine Madrigal Singers bagged the 1997 European Choral Grand Prix, the choral olympics of the world’s best choirs. The group, being the only Asian choir, bested five regional champions from all over Europe, earning them the title as the "world’s best choir."

# There are 12,000 or so species of seashells in the Philippines. The Conus Gloriamaris or "Glory of the Sea" is the rarest and most expensive in the world.

# Of the 500 known coral species in the world, 488 are found in the Philippines.

# Of the eight species of marine turtles worldwide, five are reported to be found in the Philippines: the Green Turtle, Hawkbill, Leatherback, Olive Ridley, and Loggerhead.

# Of the eight known species of giant clams in the world, seven are found in the Philippines.

# The Basilica of San Sebastian is the only steel church in Asia and was the second building to be made out of steel, next to the Eiffel Tower in Paris.

# The largest bell in Asia hangs at the belfry of the 221-year old Panay Church. It is 7 feet in diameter and 7 feet in height, and weighs 10.4 tons. Its tolling can be heard as far as 8 km. away. It was casted from 70 sacks of coins donated by the townspeople as a manifestation of faith and thanksgiving.

# The World Cup, which was instituted in 1965, is contested annually by the national champions of the Federation Internationale des Quilleurs (FIQ). The highest number of wins is 4, by Filipino bowler Rafael “Paeng” Nepomuceno: 1976, 1980, 1992, and 1996.

# Filipino Eriberto N. Gonzales Jr. consumed 350 chilis in 3 minutes at the annual Magayon Festival chili-eating contest held at Penaranda Park, Legazpi, Albay on May 27, 1999, making it to the Guiness Book of World Records for the most chilis eaten.

# The longest possible eclipse of the Sun is 7 min. 31 sec. The longest eclipse in recent times took place west of the Philippines on June 20, 1995, lasting for 7 min. 8 sec.

# Camiguin province holds the distinction of having the most number of volcanoes per square kilometer than any other island on earth. It is also the only place in the Philippines which has more volcanoes (7) than towns (5).

# The 900 sq m Relief Map of Mindanao in Dapitan City was personally done by Dr. Jose Rizal. It was used as a device for teaching history and geography to townsfolk.

# The Zamboanga Golf Course and Beach Park was founded in 1910 by Gov. John Pershing. It is one of the oldest golf courses in the Philippines.

# Isabela City is the youngest city in the region. It was only on March 5, 2001 that the Municipality of Isabela, Province of Basilan was converted into a component city Through RA 9023. On April 25, 2001, Isabeleños ratified the new status of Isabela.

# The Kinabayo is an exotic and colorful pageant re-enacting the Spanish-Moorish Wars, particularly the Battle of Covadonga where the Spanish forces under General Pelagio took their last stand against the Saracens. They were able to reverse the tide of war with the miraculous apparition of St. James, the Apostle. A Kinabayo Festival is celebrated every July in Dapitan City, attracting thousands of tourists to the city.

# The altar at the Holy Rosary Cathedral in Dipolog City was designed by Dr. Jose Rizal. The Cathedral was erected by the Spanish friars sometime in 1895, before Dipolog City became a municipality.

# The Rizal Shrine in Dapitan City is the original estate of Dr. Jose Rizal which he acquired by purchase during his exile in Dapitan from 1892 to 1896.

# RA 8973 signed by then President Joseph E. Estrada in February 2001 created the province of Zamboanga Sibugay. A total of sixteen municipalities compose this newest province in the Zamboanga Peninsula.

# Magat Dam is Asia’s biggest dam project at the time of its construction. It serves the primary function of power generation and irrigation.

# The Cagayan River or Rio Grande de Cagayan is the Philippines’ mightiest watercourse – the longest and widest river in the country. Small streams originating form Balete Pass, Cordillera, Caraballo and Sierra Madre Mountains meet other streams and rivers and flow to the Cagayan River.

# Magapit Suspension Bridge is the first of its kind in Asia. It spans the Cagayan River at Lallo and is 0.76 kilometers long. The hanging bridge links the first and second districts of Cagayan going towards the Ilocos Region via the scenic Patapat Road on the Ilocos Norte-Cagayan Inter-Provincial national highway.

# Angono Petroglyphs – This cultural heritage site dates back to circa 3000 B.C. and is the most ancient Filipino, or more aptly, prehistoric Filipino work of art. Besides being the country’s oldest “work of art” it also offers us an evocative glimpse into the life of our ancestors. The site has been included in the World Inventory of Rock Art under the auspices of UNESCO, ICCROM and ICOMOS and nominated as one of the “100 Most Endangered Sites of the World.

# PANCIT HABHAB (Lucban)-Made from rice flour, these local noodles acquired its name and developed its unique attraction by the way it is eaten. Otherwise known as Pancit Lucban, these noodles are hawked in the streets and served on a piece of banana leaf, sans fork or any other utensils. Thus, it is eaten straight from the leaf, licking permitted... "habhab"-style.

# Tagala - the Philippines first Filipino-Spanish dictionary which was printed in 1613, 25 years older than the first book printed in the United States.

# Mayon is the most beautiful mountain I have ever seen, the world-renowned Fujiyama (Mt. Fuji) of Japan sinking into perfect insignificance by comparison. British traveler-writer A. Henry Savage Landor

# Ilo-Ilo golf and country club is the oldest golf club in the Philippines. It was built at 1908 by Irish Engineers.

# Limasawa Island – where Ferdinand Magellan first landed in the Philippines which give way to the discovery of the Philippines and where the first mass was celebrated.

# San Juanico Strait - said to be the narrowest yet the most navigable strait in the world

# Calbiga Cave – The Philippines’ biggest karst formations and one of the largest in Asia, the 2,968-hectare cave system is composed of 12 caves with wide underground spaces, unique rock formations and sub-terranean watercourse.

# At the Immaculate Conception Cathedral can be found the only existing pipe organ in Mindanao. The 2nd largest pipe organ in the Phiippines. The huge instrument took 2 years to built and was brought over by sea from Germany in 23 crates.

# Cagayan de Oro City - “The City of Golden Friendship,” known for its warm people and old-fashioned hospitality

# Mt. Apo, the Philippines highest mountain at 10,311 feet above sea level, and considered as the “Grand-father of all Philippine Mountains”

# Lake Lanao is the second largest lake in the Philippines, probably the deepest in the country and is considered one of the major tropical lakes in Southeastern Asia. The lake is home of endemic cryprinids, the species found only in the lake and nowhere else in the world.

# Halo-Halo! Halo-halo literally means, "mix-mix". And its is just that: a mixture of sweetened fruits and beans, lavished with pinipig (crisp flattened rice flakes), sugar and milk, topped by crushed ice and ice cream. You know its summertime when halo-halo stand start sprouting by the roadside and by the beach, all whipping up their heavenly concoctions of such a refreshingly divine dessert. You can make your own by selecting and mixing your ingredients to make a perfect Halo-Halo. Halo-Halo is uniquely, unforgettably Filipino!

# KALESA - The kalesa or karitela is a horse-driven carriage that was introduced during the 18th century. It was used by Spanish officials and the nobles as a means of transportation. The Ilustrados, the rich Filipinos who had their own businesses, used the kalesa not only for traveling but as a means a means of transporting their goods as well.

# BAKYA-Made primarily of lightwood (laniti and santol trees), it is sculpted with a slope and shaved to a smooth finish, then painted with floral designs or varnished to a high sheen. The upper portions, which are made of rubber or transparent plastic, are fastened to the sides by thumb nails called "clavitos". The bakya industry prospered during the 1930s when the Filipinos began exporting these to the other countries.

# SORBETES-This sweet treat was concocted in the early 1920's, a time where a single centavo could buy you almost anything. The process of this ice cream making and selling it in carts with colorful designs is still the same. Back in the old days, these ice cream dealers bred their own cows and milked them with their own hands to ensure the freshness and sanitation of the milk needed to make the "dirty ice cream".

# Waling Waling Orchids - With some 800 to 1,000 species of orchids, the Philippines has one of the richest orchid floras in the world. Philippine orchids come in an amazing array of shapes, sizes and colors. Most grow only in old-growth forest, often on branches of huge trees dozens of meters above the forest floor.

# Maria Teresa Calderon – A Filipina World champion speed reader as listed in the Guinness Book of World Records

# In the Philippines, Filipinos were introduced to the English language in 1762 by British invaders, not Americans. Philippines is the world's 3rd largest English-speaking nation, next to the USA and the UK.

# The Philippine Basketball Association is Asia's premier and the world's second oldest professional league.

# Philippine Airlines took to the skies on March 15, 1941, using a Beech Model 18 aircraft amid the specter of a global war. It became Asia's first airline.

# The world's largest pearl was discovered by a Filipino diver in a giant Tridacna (mollusk) under the Palawan Sea in 1934. Known as the "Pearl of Lao-Tzu", the gem weighs 14 pounds and measures 9 1/2 inches long and 5 1/2 inches in diameter. As of May 1984, it was valued at US$42 million. It is believed to be 600 years old.

# Alto Broadcasting System (ABS) Channel 3, the first television station in the country, went on the air in 1953.

# The world's second deepest spot underwater is in the Philippines. This spot, about 34,440 feet (10,497 meters) below the sea level, is known as the Philippine Deep or the Mindanao Trench. The Philippine Deep is in the floor of the Philippine Sea. The German ship Emden first plumbed the trench in 1927.

# The symbolic name for the Philippines, Juan dela Cruz, is not a Filipino invention? It was coined by R. McCulloch-Dick, a Scottish-born journalist working for the Manila Times in the early 1900s, after discovering it was the most common name in blotters.

# Lipa City in Batangas is dubbed as the “Rome of the Philippines” because of the number of seminaries, convents, monasteries, retreat houses, and a famous cathedral located in it.

# Compostela Valley is known to be laden with gold, thus earning the monicker “Golden Valley of Mindanao”

# Basilica of St. Martin de Tours in Taal, Batangas built by Augustinian Missionaries in 1572, is reputed to be the biggest catholic church in East Asia. It is so huge that it can house another big church

# Kibungan is known as the “Switzerland of Bengued” because of the frost during the cold months

# The Delmonte Pineapple Plantation in Bukidnon is considered to be the biggest in the far east

# Both Tridacna gigas, one of the world's largest shells, and Pisidum, the world's tiniest shell, can be found under Philippine waters. Tridacna gigas grows as large as one meter in length and weighs 600 pounds while Pisidum is less than 1 millimeter long. A shell called glory of the sea (Connus gloriamaris) is also found in the Philippines and considered as one of the most expensive shells in the world.

# Seahorses are small saltwater fish belonging to the Syngnathidae family (order Gasterosteiformes), which also includes pipefish and sea dragons. Most seahorse species, probably the most peculiar creatures in the water, live in the Coral Triangle. There are at least 50 known seahorse species in the world. They inhabit temperate and tropical waters but most of them are concentrated in the warm coastal waters of the Philippines.

# Donsol, a fishing town in Sorsogon province, serves as a sanctuary to a group of 40 whale sharks (Rhincodon typus), which are considered as the largest fish in the world. Locally known as "butanding", whale sharks visit the waters of Donsol from November to May. They travel across the oceans but nowhere else have they been sighted in a larger group than in the waters of Sorsogon. They measure between 18 to 35 feet in length and weigh about 20 tons.

# The Philippines is home to some of the world's most exotic birds.
One of the most endangered species is the exotic Kalangay or the Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia), which belongs to Psittacidae or the family of parrots. Some cockatoos can live up to 50 years. They are known for mimicking human voices. Most of them measure 33 centimeters in length and weigh 0.29 kilogram.

# Palawan bearcat is neither a bear nor a cat. Known in Southeast Asia as binturong, the bearcat is a species of its own, with population in the forests of Palawan, Borneo, Burma and Vietnam. It belongs to the family of Viverridae (civets). The Palawan bearcat has a long body and a pointed face leading to the nose. Its head and body measure 61 to 96 centimeters in combined length while its tail is almost as long. It weighs 9 to 14 kilograms and lives up to 20 years.

# Calamian Deer - Calamian Islands, north of Palawan province, keep a species of deer that cannot be found elsewhere. Scientists referred to the hog deer in the islands as Calamian deer in order to distinguish them from other hog deer in the world. An ordinary Calamian deer measures 105 to 115 centimeters in length and 60 to 65 centimeters high at the shoulder and weighs about 36 to 50 kilograms. It is said to have longer and darker legs, compared with other hog deer.

# World's Smallest Hoofed Mammal - South of Palawan, lies the Balabac Island, home of the world's smallest hoofed mammal - the Philippine mouse deer. Locally known as Pilandok (Tragalus nigricans), this ruminant stands only about 40 centimeters at the shoulder level.

# Flying Lemur - One of the most distinct creatures on Earth lives in the Philippines. It doesn't have wings but it can glide across 100 meters of space in a single leap. Like the lemurs of Asia, it moves around at night. Its head resembles that of a dog while its body has similarities with the flying squirrel of Canada. In Mindanao, people call it "kagwang". Around the world, it is known as colugo or the flying lemur.

# Did you know that the first four cities of Metropolitan Manila are: Manila, Quezon, Pasay and Caloocan

# The flagpole located in Rizal Park, is where the starts of 0 kilometer reading in measuring all distances from Manila.

# Quezon City is the second biggest city in the Philippines.

# The Bonifacio Monument in Monumento, Caloocan City was designed by a noted Filipino sculptor Guillermo Tolentino

# In 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. The Filipinos developed the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino". (source: http://volleyball.org/history.html)

# The Philippine Eagle is the 2nd largest bird on the planet (next only to the American Condor).